Despite medical advancements, inequalities remain in the healthcare industry. Marginalized communities continue to face healthcare disparities, and female cancer patients are one example.  A 2015 study funded by the National Cancer Action Team and the Department of Health Cancer Policy Team in England found that female patients experienced a longer

Antimalarial (AM) treatments, such as chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), have been used to treat autoimmune disorders for over sixty years. It has been an effective treatment of autoimmune inflammatory disorders like rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by decreasing the body’s inflammatory response. However, recent research is

In today’s day and age, it is extremely common for individuals to be faced with multiple injuries within a relatively short time frame. The exact reasoning behind this increase has not yet been determined. There is a possibility that a connection can be made between the injuries and substance abuse,

Why are COVID-19 symptoms so severe in some patients? Since the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak, scientists have been researching how the virus affects the body. In an article published in the Medical Hypotheses journal, Dr. Ashutosh Kumar suggests that some symptoms associated with COVID-19 are due to damage in

Pediatric chronic pain affects up to 1 in 3 youth, and over 40% of adults with chronic lower back pain experience diagnostic uncertainty (DU). However, there is little research about how DU affects youth. On November 25th, 2020, Pain Reports published “Diagnostic uncertainty in pediatric chronic pain: nature, prevalence, and

Introduction The number of global COVID-19 cases are consistently increasing. It is safe to say that the world has been greatly impacted by this infectious virus. Its influence spiraled beyond health and into other domains of human society, including economics, world politics, culture, and much more. Amid COVID-19 prevention concerns,

As COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to grip the world, we are increasingly finding out more about how the virus works. Animals are often brought up due to pet owners worried about their pets, farmers worried about their livestock, and people generally worried about transmission from an animal. Preliminary information about COVID-19’s

18 years ago, the world was introduced to a new type of threat – an international coronavirus outbreak. The first wave of its kind in the 21st century, Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) quickly swept through many countries, causing international panic and threatening many of Asia’s economies. Affecting over 8000

It’s nine months into the COVID-19 pandemic, and if you don’t feel confused – well, you haven’t been paying attention. For the better part of a year now, our world has been trying its best to understand the

Figure 1. SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins inhibit the type I interferon (IFN) signaling pathway. Interferons are responsible for interfering with viral replication and inducing an antiviral state, or immune response, within the host. During viral infection, specific transcription factors, such as NF-kB, stimulate interferons to initiate an immune response. A transcription